@MastersThesis{Machado:2017:AnFeDo,
author = "Machado, Carolyne Bueno",
title = "An{\'a}lise fenol{\'o}gica do dossel da floresta nacional do
Tapaj{\'o}s utilizando dados orbitais do sensor modis e
hiperespectrais locais",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2017",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2017-04-28",
keywords = "Floresta Amaz{\^o}nica, s{\'e}ries temporais, MAIAC,
esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca, Amazon Forest, time-series, MAIAC, dry
season.",
abstract = "A varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o sazonal da capacidade fotossint{\'e}tica
de extensas florestas tropicais, como a Amaz{\^o}nica, pode
influenciar no condicionamento clim{\'a}tico em escala global.
Diversos estudos v{\^e}m apontando ganho no desenvolvimento da
Floresta Amaz{\^o}nica durante a esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca,
induzido pela maior radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar dispon{\'{\i}}vel
neste per{\'{\i}}odo. Este comportamento foi observado com
diferentes dados e n{\'{\i}}veis de aquisi{\c{c}}{\~a}o,
incluindo medi{\c{c}}{\~o}es em campo e imagens do sensor MODIS.
Por{\'e}m, ele confronta o ciclo de crescimento da
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o simulado em modelos, por n{\~a}o considerar
a disponibilidade de {\'a}gua como fator limitante. Outros
trabalhos indicam artefatos nas imagens MODIS, devido {\`a}
sazonalidade do {\^a}ngulo zenital solar (SZA), o que gera
menores fra{\c{c}}{\~o}es sombreadas nos doss{\'e}is durante a
esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca, resultando em ganho na reflect{\^a}ncia
detectada pelo sensor. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho
objetivou avaliar o comportamento sazonal da Floresta Nacional do
Tapaj{\'o}s, em resposta {\`a} disponibilidade de {\'a}gua e
radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o. A resposta do sensor MODIS-MAIAC tamb{\'e}m
foi contraposta a um dado local hiperespectral (HVIS), posicionado
na torre do km 67. A fenologia foi avaliada com {\'{\i}}ndices
espectrais e com as fra{\c{c}}{\~o}es: vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
verde (GV), sombra e vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o n{\~a}o
fotossinteticamente ativa (NPV). A esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca foi
relativa aos meses de d{\'e}ficit h{\'{\i}}drico (<100 mm),
sendo que a metodologia e os dados utilizados buscaram minimizar a
influ{\^e}ncia da geometria Sol-sensor. Foi realizada uma
an{\'a}lise espacial e a an{\'a}lise de s{\'e}ries temporais
com o pacote BFAST, para verificar padr{\~o}es interanuais e
intra-anuais de correla{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre as vari{\'a}veis
fenol{\'o}gicas e ambientais. A umidade do solo mostrou defasagem
com a precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, indicando que a floresta pode ter
acesso {\`a} {\'a}gua ap{\'o}s o t{\'e}rmino do
per{\'{\i}}odo chuvoso. Cerca de 40 \% da {\'a}rea de floresta
na FLONA teve \$\delta\$ EVI positivo durante a
esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca e este percentual aumenta ao considerar a
reflect{\^a}ncia no infravermelho pr{\'o}ximo e a
fra{\c{c}}{\~a}o GV, ultrapassando 70 \%. No entanto, o
{\'{\i}}ndice PRI indica menor efici{\^e}ncia
fotossint{\'e}tica no per{\'{\i}}odo seco, confirmada pelo
aumento do NPV, da reflect{\^a}ncia no vermelho e no verde. A
fenologia da floresta teve forte correla{\c{c}}{\~a}o negativa
com a umidade do solo, por{\'e}m, correla{\c{c}}{\~o}es fracas
com a precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o e radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o. A resposta
da floresta {\`a}s vari{\'a}veis ambientais foi
significativamente diferente dos demais usos da terra, indicando
maior resist{\^e}ncia em per{\'{\i}}odos de estresse
h{\'{\i}}drico. Os padr{\~o}es de greening ocorreram em
{\'a}reas de floresta mais densa e n{\~a}o aumentam em latitudes
maiores, n{\~a}o indicando depend{\^e}ncia da
varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o do SZA. Ao n{\'{\i}}vel local h{\'a}
evid{\^e}ncias de mudan{\c{c}}as na estrutura de copas
individuais, perda e ganho, dependendo da esp{\'e}cie. O dado
di{\'a}rio MODIS-MAIAC n{\~a}o teve predomin{\^a}ncia de
correla{\c{c}}{\~a}o significativa com as imagens di{\'a}rias
HVIS, mas, de agosto para setembro de 2012, ambos apresentaram
ganho na estrutura dos doss{\'e}is ao n{\'{\i}}vel da imagem.
54 \% das evid{\^e}ncias indicaram greening durante a
esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca, de 2004 a 2014 ao n{\'{\i}}vel
orbital, mas os resultados n{\~a}o convergem em todas as
an{\'a}lises. Portanto, diferentes processos ocorrem
simultaneamente na floresta, durante a esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca, e
os sensores respondem a esta mistura de processos. A hip{\'o}tese
{\'e} que h{\'a} contribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o relativa de
indiv{\'{\i}}duos com mudan{\c{c}}a demogr{\'a}fica das folhas
e de indiv{\'{\i}}duos sofrendo perda da capacidade
fotossint{\'e}tica durante a esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca. ABSTRACT:
The seasonal variation of the photosynthetic capacity of extensive
tropical forests, such as Amazon Forest, can influence in climatic
regulation on global scale. Several papers have indicated a
radiation-induced green-up of the Amazon Forest during the dry
season. This behavior was observed with different data and
acquisition levels, including field measurements and MODIS sensor
images. However, it confronts the vegetation growth cycle in
models, since it does not consider availability of water as a
limiting factor. Other studies indicate artifacts in the MODIS
images, due to solar zenith angle (SZA) seasonality, which
generates less shaded fractions at the canopies during the dry
season, resulting in increase of reflectance detected by the
sensor. Within this context, this research aimed at evaluating the
seasonal behavior of Tapaj{\'o}s National Forest, in response to
the water and radiation availability. The response of the
MODIS-MAIAC sensor was also opposed to a hyperspectral local data
(HVIS), located in the km 67 tower. Phenology was evaluated with
spectral indexes and with the fractions: green vegetation (GV),
shade and non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV). The dry season was
related to the months of water deficit (<100 mm), and the
methodology and data used intended to minimize the influence of
Sun-sensor geometry. A spatial analysis was performed and a
time-series analysis with BFAST was applied, verifying interannual
and intra-annual patterns of correlation between phenological and
environmental variables. Soil moisture showed a lag with rainfall,
indicating that the forest may have access to water after the
rainy season ends. About 40\% of the forest area in the
Tapaj{\'o}s Forest had positive \$\delta\$ EVI during the dry
season and this percentage increases when considering the near
infrared reflectance and the GV fraction, exceeding 70\%.
However, the PRI index indicates lower photosynthetic efficiency
in the dry period, confirmed by NPV, red and green reflectance
increase. The forest phenology had a strong negative correlation
with soil moisture, but weak correlations with precipitation and
radiation. The forest response to the environmental variables was
significantly different from the other land uses, indicating
greater resistance in periods of water stress. Greening patterns
occurred in denser forest areas and do not increase in higher
latitudes, indicating no dependence on SZA variation. At the local
level there is evidence of changes in the structure of individual
crowns, loss and gain, depending on the species. The daily
MODIS-MAIAC data had no significant correlation with the daily
HVIS images, but from August to September 2012 both had an
increase in the structure of the canopies at landscape level.
54\% of the evidences indicated greening during dry season, from
2004 to 2014 at orbital level, but the results do not converge in
all analyzes. Therefore, different processes occur simultaneously
in the forest during the dry season, and the sensors respond to
this mixture of processes. The hypothesis is that there is a
relative contribution of individuals with demographic change of
the leaves and individuals suffering loss of photosynthetic
capacity during the dry season.",
committee = "Galv{\~a}o, L{\^e}nio Soares (presidente) and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz
Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de (orientador) and Shimabukuro, Yosio
Edemir and Wagner, Fabien Hubert and Brando, Paulo Monteiro",
englishtitle = "Phenological analysis of the Tapaj{\'o}s national forest canopy
using modis orbital data and and local hyperespectric sensor
data",
language = "pt",
pages = "163",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3NNL76S",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3NNL76S",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}